Hearth security alarms are essential in each residential and industrial environments. Early hearth detection can stop vital injury and save lives. Flame sensors provide one of the crucial environment friendly strategies of fireplace detection. Right here we define easy methods to assemble a easy and dependable Flame-Sensing Hearth Alarm System utilizing an Arduino Nano board.
This hearth alarm is meant for hobbyists and people desirous about studying the fundamentals of digital sensors and alarms. The simplicity of this gadget can pave the way in which for creating life-saving methods. Fig. 1 exhibits the creator’s prototype on a breadboard.
| Elements Record |
| Semiconductors: IC1 – LM7812, 12V voltage regulator T1 – BC548 NPN transistor T2 – SL100 NPN transistor BR1 – 1A bridge rectifier LED1-LED3 – 5mm purple LED D1 – 1N4007 rectifier diode Resistors (all 1/4-watt, ±5% carbon): R1-R3 – 1-kilo-ohm Capacitors: C1 – 1000μF, 35V electrolytic C2 – 100nF ceramic disk Miscellaneous: Hooter – 230V AC operated RL1 – 12V SPDT relay CON1-CON3 – 2-pin connectors Sensor1 – Flame sensor module X1 – 230V AC major to 15V, 500mA secondary transformer |
Arduino primarily based Hearth Alarm – Circuit and Working
Fig. 2 presents the circuit diagram for the hearth alarm utilizing a flame sensor and Arduino Nano. The system is powered by a step-down transformer (X1), a bridge rectifier (BR1), a 12V voltage regulator (LM7812), and a flame sensor module related by way of CON2. It features a 12V SPDT relay (RL1), three LEDs (LED1 by LED3), and two transistors (BC548 and SL100), together with another parts.
The circuit operates on 12V DC, which is derived from the 15V, 500mA secondary output of transformer X1. The 230V AC mains provide connects to the first of X1 by connector CON1. On the secondary facet, the 15V AC is rectified by BR1, filtered by capacitor C1, and controlled to 12V by way of IC LM7812 to energy the circuit.
The flame sensor module, the core of the circuit, has three pins: Vcc, GND, and output (D0). These are related to the 5V, GND, and D2 pins of the Arduino Nano, respectively.
The flame sensor detects hearth or different gentle sources inside a wavelength vary of 760nm to 1100nm, making it important for security purposes. The sensor makes use of the YG1006, a high-speed, extremely delicate NPN silicon phototransistor, to detect flames.
Three purple LEDs (LED1 by LED3) present visible indication, pushed by transistor T1. T1’s base is related to pin D4 of the Arduino Nano by way of resistor R1. Audio indication is offered by a 230V AC hooter, which is managed by a 12V SPDT relay. Transistor T2 drives the relay, with its base related to D11 pin of the Arduino Nano by way of resistor R3. The hooter connects to the normally-open (NO) contacts of the relay.
When the flame sensor detects a flame, it triggers two actions: the three LEDs gentle up for visible indication, and the hooter sounds for audio alert.
Arduino Code for Flame-Sensing Hearth Alarm System
The supply code for the challenge is written within the Arduino IDE platform. Earlier than importing the sketch to the Arduino Nano board, guarantee the proper board and port are chosen. As soon as confirmed, add the sketch Flamesensor.ino to the board. Fig. 3 exhibits a screenshot of the supply code.
PCB Design and Format
An actual-size, single-sided PCB format for the hearth alarm is proven in Fig. 4, together with its element format in Fig. 5.
Development and Testing
After assembling the circuit on the PCB, it ought to be enclosed in an acceptable field. The LEDs (LED1 by LED3) and CON2 ought to be mounted on the entrance of the field. The flame sensor ought to be related throughout CON2 and positioned to make sure simple detection of flames.
As soon as the circuit is assembled, set up the unit in an acceptable location the place the flame sensor can successfully detect hearth. To check the gadget, add the supply code to the Arduino Nano utilizing the Arduino IDE. Afterward, disconnect the Nano board from the laptop computer or desktop, and join 12V to the circuit.
Carry a small flame (resembling a lighter) close to the flame sensor. The buzzer ought to sound, and the LEDs ought to gentle up, signalling flame detection. As soon as the flame is eliminated, the buzzer and LEDs ought to deactivate, confirming no flame is detected. The flame sensor is now operational and will be put in at a location as wanted.
Bonus: Watch the step-by-step video tutorial of this DIY challenge.
Additionally Examine: Different fascinating DIY Arduino Initiatives
S.C. Dwivedi is an electronics fanatic and circuit designer at EFY
