Offered right here is the Hydropower Technology circuit that generates energy from a water pipe in a constructing utilizing a microturbine. The generated electrical energy can be utilized to cost batteries, which can be utilized for emergency lighting or different such functions.
Overhead water tanks are positioned on the terrace of the home and crammed from the underground sump or borewell utilizing an electrical pump for home use.
Water has excessive kinetic vitality when it flows from a excessive to low stage. Electrical energy could be generated utilizing this kinetic vitality with the assistance of an appropriate microturbine. Primarily based on the quantity of water stream within the pipe, the ability generated utilizing the turbine could be assorted.
Circuit Overview
The circuit diagram for hydropower technology from a water pipe is proven in Fig. 1. It’s constructed round six rectifier diodes 1N4007 (D1 by D6), DC-to-DC regulator LM2596 (IC1), Schottky diode 1N5822 (D7), inductor (L1), micro hydro-turbine (MHT) and some different parts.
The circuit is constructed round DC-to-DC step-down switching regulator IC LM2596. The three-phase outputs (RYB) of MHT are related to CON1. The picture of MHT used on this mission is proven in Fig. 2.
Bridge rectifiers (comprising diodes D1 by D6) convert AC output from MHT to DC voltage. IC1, L1 and D7 carry out the step-down operation that converts excessive voltage to 5V DC. Capacitor C1 smoothens the rectified DC voltage, and C2 acts as a buffer for the output.
5V DC accessible at connector CON2 can be utilized to cost the only 18650 lithium-ion cells utilizing the TP4056 module proven in Fig. 3. An emergency gentle or another devices could be powered by a single lithium-ion cell.
Concerning the Elements
LM2596
LM2596 collection of regulators are monolithic ICs that present all lively features for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, which is able to driving a 3A load with wonderful line and cargo regulation. These gadgets can be found in fastened output voltages of three.3V, 5V, 12V and an adjustable output model. For instance, LM2596-5.0 provides 5V fastened output.
LM2596 collection gives a high-efficiency alternative for the favored three-terminal linear regulators. It considerably reduces the scale of the heat-sink, and in some circumstances, no heat-sink is required.
Requiring a minimal variety of exterior parts, this regulator is easy to make use of and consists of fault safety and a fixed-frequency oscillator. LM2596 is the upgraded model of IC LM2576, which has 52kHz switching frequency. LM2596 has a 150kHz switching frequency that gives utilization of low-value capacitors and filters.
Micro Hydro-Turbine (MHT)
A generic MHT generator is used on this mission. It has a most output voltage of about 20V, three-phase AC, most output present of about 150mA with a stream fee of about 2.5 to 25 liters per minute.
Meeting and Testing
A PCB structure for hydropower technology from a water pipe is proven in Fig. 4 and its parts structure in Fig. 5. Assemble the circuit on the designed PCB. Join MHT RYB outputs throughout CON1 utilizing exterior wires. The facility provide for the circuit is offered by MHT.
Obtain PCB and Part Structure PFDs: click on right here
After assembling the circuit on the PCB, repair MHT with a suitably sized water pipe—measurement of the water pipe is dependent upon the coupling heads of MHT. When water begins flowing by the pipe constantly, it is best to be capable to get 5V DC throughout CON2.
Enhancing Effectivity in Microturbine Energy Technology
- Circulation-Fee Monitoring: Set up a sensor to observe water stream fee, which might enhance vitality output and battery charging effectivity.
- Energy Administration: Embrace an influence administration module that directs energy to essential gadgets primarily based on battery stage and accessible stream.
- Overvoltage Safety: Embrace overvoltage safety to guard the circuit within the occasion of surprising will increase in water stream fee that surpass the regulator’s enter vary.
- Battery Overcharge protecting: Incorporate a protecting circuit to stop battery overcharging, assuring sturdiness and security.
A. Samiuddhin is B.Tech in electrical and electronics engineering. His pursuits embrace LED lighting, energy electronics, microcontrollers and Arduino programming
This mission was first revealed on 13 November 2019 and just lately up to date in November 2024.
